centos虚拟机和客户机在同一IP段，如客户机：192.168.122.1 虚拟机则：192.168.122.9

确保实体机和虚拟机的ip可以互相ping通

先查看你是否安装了vsftpd

rpm -q vsftpd

若已安装，则会显示例如 vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64

未安装那就安装vsftpd

yum install -y vsftpd

安装完成之后，查看到安装目录 whereis vsftpd

vsftpd目录为: /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz

查看vsftpd服务的状态

systemctl status vsftpd.service

CentOS安装FTP服务

开启vsftpd服务

systemctl start vsftpd.service

开启之后再查看vsftpd服务的状态

设置vsftpd服务开机自启

systemctl enable vsftpd.service

确保关闭防火墙systemctl stop firewalld（临时关闭）或者systemctl disable firewalld(禁止开机启动)

设置SELinux

getsebool -a | grep ftp

setsebool -P ftpd_full_access on

查看设置vi /etc/selinux/config

设置SELINUX=disabled

配置之前先备份cp /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf-bak

配置vsftpd.conf文件vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 推荐使用vim方式，vi方式配置文件注释和实体没有颜色区分，会看花眼的。

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

添加用户

useradd -d /home/test test

设置密码

passwd test

设置文件夹权限

chown root.test /home/test #设置文件夹所属用户 如果设置为test将导致ftp一直提示用户验证失败
chmod 770 /home/test #test以及其同组用户 可读可写可执行

FTP数字代码

  • 110 重新启动标记应答。
  • 120 服务在多久时间内ready。
  • 125 数据链路端口开启，准备传送。
  • 150 文件状态正常，开启数据连接端口。
  • 200 命令执行成功。
  • 202 命令执行失败。
  • 211 系统状态或是系统求助响应。
  • 212 目录的状态。
  • 213 文件的状态。
  • 214 求助的讯息。
  • 215 名称系统类型。
  • 220 新的联机服务ready。
  • 221 服务的控制连接端口关闭，可以注销。
  • 225 数据连结开启，但无传输动作。
  • 226 关闭数据连接端口，请求的文件操作成功。
  • 227 进入passive mode。
  • 230 使用者登入。
  • 250 请求的文件操作完成。
  • 257 显示目前的路径名称。
  • 331 用户名称正确，需要密码。
  • 332 登入时需要账号信息。
  • 350 请求的操作需要进一部的命令。
  • 421 无法提供服务，关闭控制连结。
  • 425 无法开启数据链路。
  • 426 关闭联机，终止传输。
  • 450 请求的操作未执行。
  • 451 命令终止:有本地的错误。
  • 452 未执行命令:磁盘空间不足。
  • 500 格式错误，无法识别命令。
  • 501 参数语法错误。
  • 502 命令执行失败。
  • 503 命令顺序错误。
  • 504 命令所接的参数不正确。
  • 530 未登入。
  • 532 储存文件需要账户登入。
  • 550 未执行请求的操作。
  • 551 请求的命令终止，类型未知。
  • 552 请求的文件终止，储存位溢出。
  • 553 未执行请求的的命令，名称不正确。